Mathematical Part in Chemical Phenomenon.




Mathematical Part in Chemical Phenomenon

Basal metabolism is the minimum value of energy that the cell needs to survive, when we talk about Basal Metabolic Rate (MBT), it refers to the minimum amount of energy that a person needs, in a state of rest, to carry out those vital functions necessary for the proper functioning of the organism. For example, the beating of the heart, breathing or the regulation of body temperature. (Centro de Ergodinamica S.L., s.f.)

Macronutrients are those substances that provide energy to the body for proper functioning, and other elements necessary to repair and build organic structures, to promote growth and to regulate metabolic processes, macronutrients are constituted by: Proteins, fats and carbohydrates. (Julia Alvarez, 2020)

Proteins.

Proteins are molecules made up of amino acids that are linked by a type of bonds known as peptide bonds. The order and arrangement of amino acids depend on the genetic code of each person. All proteins are composed of: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and most also contain sulfur and phosphorus.

They are equivalent to half the weight of the tissues of the organism and are present in all the cells of the body, in addition to having participation in practically all the biological processes that occur. Proteins can be of animal origin when they come from meat, fish, milk, eggs and dairy products contain the essential amino acids. At least 50% of the proteins in the diet should be of animal origin, proteins of high biological value are those that contain all the essential amino acids. (Valera, 2021)

Fats.

Fats are complex molecules composed of fatty acids and glycerol, formed by triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol. The body needs them to grow and obtain energy. It also uses them to synthesize hormones and other substances necessary for the body's activities. They are the slowest source of energy, but also, in turn, the most efficient form, each gram of fat provides about 9 kcal, which is equivalent to more than twice that provided by proteins or carbohydrates. (RODAS, 2013)

Carbohydrates or Carbohydrates.

They are biomolecules that can also be called carbohydrates, carbohydrates, sugars or saccharides. These molecules are made up of three fundamental elements, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the latter in a somewhat lower proportion. Its main function in the organism of living beings is to contribute, in obtaining energy immediately, mainly throughout the brain and nervous system. This is accomplished thanks to an enzyme, amylase, which helps break down this molecule into glucose or blood sugar, which makes it possible for the body to use energy to perform its daily functions. (RODAS, 2013)

 Calculation of macronutrients, using the Harris-Benedict formula.

The Harris-Benedict equation is an empirical equation for estimating a person's basal metabolism based on their body weight, height, and age, and using in conjunction with physical activity factors, to calculate the daily calorie intake recommendation for an individual. The equation assumes a normal body composition, with an average ratio of muscle mass to fat mass.

It was published in 1919, it was designed to perform the calculation of basal metabolism, created by Arthur Harris and Francis G. Benedict as a result of their research at the Nutrition Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution in Boston, using as variables: weight, height, age, where they could create an equation that could be used for any sex. (Rendon, 2015)

This equation can be used with people who keep their weight, age and height indices between what Arthur Harris and Francis G. Benedict quantified. The factors are:

  • Body weight between 25 and 124.9 kilos

  • Height from 1.51 meters to 2 meters and

  •  Age between 21 to 70 years.

Basal energy expenditure can be calculated very roughly using the Harris-Benedict equation expressed as follows:

  • Male: m= 10x+6.25y-5z+5

  • Female: m= 10x+6.25y-5z-161

  • Where m= Basal metabolism (kcal)

  • Where x= Weight (kg)

  •  Where y= Height (cm)

  •  Where z= Age (years)

Distribution of macronutrients in the daily diet.

The most recommended percentages to distribute macronutrients in the body's diet are:

  •  40% protein

  • 30% carbohydrates

  • 30% fat

Carbohydrates.

The recommended daily allowance is 40% for carbohydrates. The contribution per gram of carbohydrates is 4 kcal.

Fats.

The recommended daily allowance is 30% for fats. Taking into account that the contribution per gram of fats is 9 kcal.

Proteins.

The recommended daily allowance is 30% for protein. Taking into account that the contribution per gram of fats is 4 kcal.

Basal metabolism is the daily energy expenditure, that is, what your body needs daily to continue functioning properly. A person, although he remains at rest completely, consumes a lot of energy so that all the chemical reactions of the organism can be carried out. This minimum value of energy is of paramount importance to survive.

Bibliographic References.


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