Physical property and its relationship to chemistry.

 

Physical property and its relationship to chemistry.

Energy is one of the most important concepts on the planet, it can be better understood in the context of matter (everything that possesses mass and occupies space). Thus, energy is defined as the ability to perform work, which is any change in the state or movement of matter.

Physicists usually express energy in units of work, kilojoules (kJ). It can also be expressed in units of heat energy – kilocalories (kcal) – the thermal energy flowing from one object with a higher temperature to another with a lower temperature. Heat energy cannot perform cellular work, because a cell is too small to have zones with different temperatures. For that reason, the unit preferred by most biologists today is the kilojoule.

CALORIE

It is the unit of measurement of the energy that the human body needs to be able to carry out the different functions of the day, it is supplied by the food we consume, and these foods are obtained by the oxidation of carbohydrates, fats and proteins.

KILOCALORIES

One kilocalorie (kcal) equals 1000 calories (lime) and 4.1868 kilojoules (kJ).

The kilocalories (kcal) essential for a human body its organs and tissues to exercise their basic functions to survive, are called basal metabolism

Basal metabolism is the minimum amount of kilocalories needed for a resting human to survive. (Coelho, Fabian. "Poetry". In: Significados.com.)

The six most important activities of the digestive system are ingestion, propulsion, mechanical breakdown, chemical digestion, absorption, and elimination. Food is first eaten, chewed, and swallowed. The muscle contractions then propel them through the digestive tract and physically reduce them to tiny particles. Digestive fluids chemically break down nutrients in food into molecules that are small enough to allow absorption. Finally, the indigestible substances are disposed of as waste. Among other processes included in physics are: INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FORCES, CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, NERVOUS AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (visiblebody 2021)

How much energy does each of these elements bring to the body?

It is practically impossible to make an exact estimate of the energy expenditure that a person makes. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) has calculated that the daily energy needs of a person of school age are 50 kilocalories for every kilo of weight.

According to the WHO, for an adult male a caloric intake of 2000 to 2500 Kcal / day is established and for women between 1500 and 2000 kcal / day.

These needs diminish as we get older, and they obtain in times of growth and also in times of pregnancy and lactation. (© Arla Foods amba 2021)

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CALORIA AND KILOCALORIA?

If the abbreviation calorie is written in uppercase, it indicates a large calorie, and if it is lowercase, it indicates a small calorie.

A large calorie estimates the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1° C.

On the other hand, a small calorie estimates the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C.

According to these definitions, 1 large calorie equals 1,000 small calories, since 1 kg equals 1,000 grams.

To avoid confusion between large and small calories, the term kilocalorie was created, where the prefix "kilo" means 1,000. The purpose of such a term is to refer to a large number of calories.

However, the term "small calories" is rarely used today, except for example, a medium banana (118 grams) provides 105 calories (kcal) or 439 kJ.

(Healthline, 2021 Carlos Slim Foundation)

This work is learned about the reality of a kilocalorie and as it is actually a fundamental part in the life of the human being however it does not cover all the processes that take place in the organism, it is only intended to offer a general overview that allows to know the digestive character in our body, since physics covers many of the processes that occur in the human organism. Far from exhausting the subject, only some of these fundamental processes are described. In scientific disciplines such as physics and chemistry. Instead, the terms calories (whether capitalized or not) and kcal are used interchangeably and refer to the same amount of energy relative to food, or to the energy that is burned with exercise.

Therefore, it is not necessary to convert these units of measurement, since 1 kilocalorie equals 1 calorie in nutrition.Calories can also be expressed as kilojoules (kJ).

REFERENCES 

Berg, J. M., Tymoczsko, J. L., y Stryer, L. (2002). Metabolism is composed of many coupled, interconnected reactions (El metabolismo se compone de muchas reacciones acopladas interconectadas). En Biochemistry (Bioquímica) (5ª ed, section 14.1). Nueva York, NY: W.H. Freeman. Tomado de http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22439/.

Carter, P. (s.f.). Catabolic and anabolic reactions (Reacciones anabólicas y catabólicas). En Microbial metabolism. Tomado de http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/courses/bio225/chap05/lecture1.htm.

Reece, J. B., Urry, L. A., Cain, M. L., Wasserman, S. A., Minorsky, P. V. y Jackson, R. B. (2011). An introduction to metabolism (Introducción al metabolismo). En Campbell biology (Biología de Campbell) (10a ed., págs. 141-161). San Francisco, CA: Pearson.

Este artículo es un derivado modificado de “Energy and metabolism (Energía y metabolismo),” escrito por OpenStax Biología (CC BY 3.0). Descarga gratis el artículo original en http://cnx.org/contents/185cbf87-c72e-48f5-b51e-f14f21b5eabd@9.85:28/Biology.